Fuel ash corrosion of conventional case heat resistant alloys (25 Cr/12 Ni, and 25 Cr/20 Ni steels, used for tube supports in refinery fired heaters, can be exceptionally severe when some residual fuel oils containing appreciable amounts of vanadium, sodium and sulphur are used as fuel. There have been many cases in which heaters have been converted from gas firing to heavy fuel oil, or new heaters commissioned on residual oil fuel, where severe tube support wastage has prevented one normal scheduled unit campaign period being achieved.

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