The last 20 to 25 years have seen a considerable amount of research devoted to the problems of internal boiler corrosion. Most of this has been at higher pressures common to utility-type operation.1,2,3  However, the problem is also serious in industrial boilers where the feedwater is generally of poorer quality. While the causes of corrosion are well known,4,5  frequently the first indication that a corrosive situation exists is a tube failure. Boiler water analyses rarely reveal the existence or extent of internal corrosion because little or none of the information is representative of the area where the attack occurs.

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