The dramatic increase in power plant outputs in recent years has greatly increased the cooling requirements for these plants. This fact, combined with recently enacted environmental restrictions, has contributed to a large corrosion problem in main condenser circulating water boxes in both nuclear and fossil fuel steam turbine plants. Since this circulating water system is often the backup cooling system for the plant reactor, any failure in this circulating water system can cause a complete plant shutdown. It is extremely expensive to replace these large water boxes, but this expense is overshadowed by the possible loss of revenue, which for a 1,000 megawatt plant is $240,000 per day at 1¢/kw-hr.

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