Nuclear reactors produce radioactive fission products which are generally retained within the fuel cladding. These high temperature aqueous systems also generate non-radioactive corrosion products by the naturally occurring metal-water reactions. The corrosion products become activated by the core neutron flux as they pass through or, more likely, as they collect within the core region. Both radioactive fission products and corrosion products can be released from the core region and collect on out-of-core surfaces. This collection of radioactive materials on out-of-core surfaces is the cause for plant personnel exposures and the resultant complexities and time delays in maintaining nuclear plant systems.

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