Operation of early CANDU-PHW* reactors resulted in radiation exposures which were higher than originally anticipated. As a result co-ordinated programs were undertaken by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and Ontario Hydro to ensure that radiation exposures at current and future stations were minimized. Substantial improvements in our understanding of activity transport phenomena have taken place as a result of these programs (1) and system designers (2) are applying this information to limit the production, movement and accumulation of radioactivity in future reactors. The objective is to reduce radiation exposures to levels that permit station staff to perform all operational and maintenance functions without the necessity of additional workers.

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