Heat exchangers are process vessels which enable heat to be transferred from one liquid or gaseous medium to another. They can be of several different types of construction; but, our discussion will focus on the common shell and tube type of exchanger. A typical arrangement for this type of unit is for a hot medium flowing through the tubes to give up some of its heat to a cooling medium on the shell side. Design of the exchanger takes into account such considerations as the temperature and flow characteristics of the media, the surface area of the cooling tubes and the rate of heat exchanged through the tube wall.

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