A "total engineering" approach is discussed which involves: painting the steel (with a heat resistant rather than a hot water resistant paint); using a water permeable insulation material (rather than an absorbent material or a closed cell material, which can hold water in instead of preventing it entering); ensuring that neither the item nor the insulation supports can retain water; and ensuring that although the emphasis of the external cladding is on completeness, there are means for any water that may enter the system to drain out, if necessary by drilling holes at the lowest levels.

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