Abstract
Failure of interior linings of covered hopper rail cars is typically the result of lining material cracking at the bulkhead partition weld seams or the result of mechanical damage to the exterior rail car body or mechanical damage to the interior lining. Current performance criteria to qualify present systems have not resulted in increased service life or a decrease in failures of these rail car linings. This would suggest that the mechanism of failure is not fully understood or current selection criteria is not identifying essential lining performance characteristics required for improved servicability. Evaluation of these lining systems failures and a better understanding of the environment in which the lining system is expected to performance is required. Therefore, physical and thermal mechanical properites may be important criteria in the selection of linings with improved service life.