The microscope has been a standard tool of investigators for centuries. It is invaluable in the study of the causes of coating failure. Microscopic examination of coating chips and coated metal coupons can yield much information about the mode of failure. One clear photograph at high magnification can answer many questions about how the film was applied and the effects of exposure. Sample preparation and photographic techniques are described and discussed as they apply to a number of case histories.

Subject
Films, Coatings, Materials, Photography, Chips, Magnification, Fusion bonded epoxy coating, Contaminants, Glass flake coatings, Sanding, Mechanical failure, Coating defects, Voids
© 1989 Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of AMPP. Positions and opinions advanced in this work are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of AMPP. Responsibility for the content of the work lies solely with the author(s).
1989
Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
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