Benchtop activity tests serve an essential role in the evaluation of new treatment components and programs in cooling water applications. Limited research has been previously conducted into the underlying processes which determine whether new materials pass or fail these initial activity tests. Markedly similar performance behavior for threshold inhibitors and dispersants has been observed in benchtop tests utilizing a variety of scaling ions. The predominant mechanism involves extensive formation of microparticles and subsequent primary/secondary agglomeration processes. Scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution and micro-electrophoresis techniques have characterized the particulates formed in benchtop activity tests and provided additional support for the proposed mechanism.

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