For many years the use of sodium phosphate has been recommended for boiler applications, both as a pH buffer for corrosion control and as an inhibitor of scale formation. In a recent paper by Panson et al,1 it was concluded that the Na+:PO4--- ratio (r) should not only be maintained below an upper congruent composition (r = 2.85) to avoid excessive alkalinity caused by incongruent precipitation during evaporative concentration, but that the ratio should also be maintained above an invariant composition (r = 2.13) to avoid the corresponding composition shifts towards lower ratio compositions of very high solubility and more acidic conditions.

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