The problem of calcium orthophosphate precipitation in industrial cooling water systems is becoming increasingly important. Higher orthophosphate levels are being encountered in cooling waters due to increased water reuse (maintaining higher cycles of concentration), use of lower quality make-up water, such as tertiary sewage treatment plant effluent, and the use of organic phosphonate scale and corrosion inhibitors which can be degraded to orthophosphate. These increased orthophosphate levels, combined with alkaline operating conditions, can lead to the formation of a highly insoluble calcium orthophosphate deposit.
© 1975 Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of AMPP. Positions and opinions advanced in this work are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of AMPP. Responsibility for the content of the work lies solely with the author(s).
1975
Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
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