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Book Chapter
Published: 01 January 2016
10.5006/37614-ch08
EISBN: 978-1-57590-332-3
ISBN: 978-1-57590-454-2
...INTRODUCTION The purpose of this procedure is to investigate the possibility of basic direct current (DC) stray current interference on underground or submerged structures. Complex dynamic interference problems such as those encountered in transit system operations are not included...
Book Chapter
Published: 01 January 2022
10.5006/37645-ch02
EISBN: 978-1-57590-388-0
ISBN: 978-1-57590-430-6
.... INTRODUCTION The primary causal factor for what is highlighted above and any similar behavior resides in our current economic model, driven by greed and its inherent linearity, as it is based on the concept of producing-using-disposing and repeating the process again and again. The process is often supported...
Book Chapter
Published: 01 January 2018
10.5006/37617-ch08
EISBN: 978-1-57590-336-1
ISBN: 978-1-57590-455-9
...Rectifiers are used more than any other source of impressed-current power. Areas discussed include rectifier types, rectifier selection, specification requirements, and typical installation details. Various types of impressed-current anodes and components that make up an impressed-current system...
Book Chapter

Published: 01 January 2018
10.5006/37617-ch11
EISBN: 978-1-57590-336-1
ISBN: 978-1-57590-455-9
...The major emphasis of the preceding chapters has been on corrosion and the use of corrosion-control methods to combat it successfully. The stray currents associated with pipeline corrosion problems are, as the designation implies, direct currents flowing in the earth from a source other than...
Book Chapter

Published: 01 January 2016
10.5006/37614-ch03
EISBN: 978-1-57590-332-3
ISBN: 978-1-57590-454-2
...INTRODUCTION The purpose of this procedure is to measure direct current (DC) in an electrical circuit related to cathodic protection (CP). DC measurements may be made by an ammeter or a clamp-on ammeter or calculated by measuring a millivolt drop across a shunt or known resistance. In CP, current...
Book Chapter
Published: 01 January 2016
10.5006/37614-ch04
EISBN: 978-1-57590-332-3
ISBN: 978-1-57590-454-2
... is to first determine if the cause of low CP levels can be eliminated and, if not, what additional current is required, in addition to how and where it can be applied. The CP technician must have a good understanding of the criteria as well as the special conditions and precautionary notes that apply...
Book Chapter
Published: 01 January 2016
10.5006/37614-ch11
EISBN: 978-1-57590-332-3
ISBN: 978-1-57590-454-2
...INTRODUCTION Stray alternating current (AC) on structures is a safety concern, and at high AC current densities, corrosion can also be a concern. Any person coming in contact with a structure that may have a hazardous AC voltage must be aware of these hazards and the safety precautions that need...
Images
Current densities recorded on 16Mn steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –850 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution.12
Published: 01 January 2021
Figure 6-9. Current densities recorded on 16Mn steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –850 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution. 12 More about this image found in Current densities recorded on 16Mn steel electrode at various AC current de...
Images
Current densities recorded on X65 steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –850 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution.31
Published: 01 January 2021
Figure 6-10. Current densities recorded on X65 steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –850 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution. 31 More about this image found in Current densities recorded on X65 steel electrode at various AC current den...
Images
Current densities recorded on 16Mn steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –1,000 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution.12
Published: 01 January 2021
Figure 6-14. Current densities recorded on 16Mn steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –1,000 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution. 12 More about this image found in Current densities recorded on 16Mn steel electrode at various AC current de...
Images
Current densities recorded on X65 steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –1,000 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution.31
Published: 01 January 2021
Figure 6-15. Current densities recorded on X65 steel electrode at various AC current densities under the CP potential of –1,000 mV (SCE) applied potentiostatically in the near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution. 31 More about this image found in Current densities recorded on X65 steel electrode at various AC current den...
Images
Images
Pipeline current plot with current direction left to right. Current pickup is indicated by a positive slope and current discharge by a negative slope.
Published: 01 January 2016
Figure 6.2 Pipeline current plot with current direction left to right. Current pickup is indicated by a positive slope and current discharge by a negative slope. More about this image found in Pipeline current plot with current direction left to right. Current pickup ...
Images
Images
Images
Casing current distribution related to anode-to-casing current casing distance.adapted from 7.18
Published: 01 January 2016
Figure 1.5 Casing current distribution related to anode-to-casing current casing distance.adapted from 7.18 More about this image found in Casing current distribution related to anode-to-casing current casing dista...
Images
Images
Images
Images
Leakage current versus temperature measured across several c-Si modules during outdoor exposure over several years during 10, 50, and 95 ±2 %RH conditions. The “+” and “-” symbols represent positive or negatively biased conditions, respectively.43 Reproduced with permission from SPIE.
Published: 01 January 2022
FIGURE 11.20 Leakage current versus temperature measured across several c-Si modules during outdoor exposure over several years during 10, 50, and 95 ±2 %RH conditions. The “+” and “-” symbols represent positive or negatively biased conditions, respectively. 43 Reproduced More about this image found in Leakage current versus temperature measured across several c-Si modules dur...