Search Results for copper

...In this chapter, the composition and important properties of the common copper alloys are discussed. This chapter does not pretend to be an in-depth discussion of the metallurgy and physical properties of copper alloys; rather, it is intended to acquaint engineers with the important alloys...

...Nominal Compositions of Some Commonly Used Copper Alloys The following tables give the nominal compositions of some copper alloys commonly used in engineering. They are grouped by type, as described in Chapter 2 . TABLE A.1 Brasses Form Common name UNS no. Nominal composition (wt...

...Laboratory Tests to Evaluate the Erosion Corrosion Resistance of Copper Alloys When examining laboratory erosion corrosion data, it is often difficult to compare results from different test methods, employing different velocities. This appendix briefly summarizes the most commonly used test...

... by modified Freundlich equation for experiments carried out by using non-sintered calcium carbonate. copper calcium carbonate adsorption kinetics INTRODUCTION. Waste waters consisting of heavy metals ions have permanent toxic effect. Removal and/or recovery of heavy metals is very important...

...Mankind first began using copper domestically some 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. Copper trinkets that date to the 9th millennium BC have been found in Iran. Copper is soft; however, when smelted with tin, it forms bronze, a harder, stronger metal. The period of widespread use of bronze is termed...

...This chapter is concerned with the effect of biological attachments onto copper and copper alloy surfaces, principally in waters. The effects may be mechanical and/or corrosion related and may occur on both the macro and micro scale. Not all biological effects are detrimental, and some beneficial...

... concentrated by evaporation (for example, the Arabian Gulf). The corrosion rates of some common copper alloys in seawater from several different sources are shown in Table 4.1 , ^{1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7} in which most of the data was collected at local ambient temperature (10° to 25°C...

...References References 1 BNF Metals Technology Centre Miscellaneous Publication, MP 586 , August   1976 . 2 M.S.   Parvizi , A.   Aladjem , J.E.   Castle , Int. Mater. Rev.   33 ( 1988 ): p. 169 . 3 J.W.   Oldfield , G.L.   Masters , Copper Development...

...Copper and its alloys have good resistance to corrosion at moderate water flows. However, when the local velocity is high enough, the local shear stress becomes sufficient to remove the corrosion products. Metal dissolution occurs, followed by film formation, which is again disrupted by the water...

...The previous two chapters dealt with the specific environments of the atmosphere and underground. In this chapter, the use of copper and its alloys in applications associated with waters of one type or another are reviewed. Where specific types of corrosion may occur, the reader is referred...

...In many environments, copper and its alloys corrode at low rates, which is due to the protective nature of the films that form. These films are not simple, and the mechanisms by which protection is conferred are often complex. In some cases, they are still not well understood. The films...

...In many service applications, there is a need to join metallic components. Where the joint is permanent, it is common with copper and its alloys to use soldering, brazing, or welding. Each of these three processes is considered in this chapter for copper alloys, and the potential corrosion risks...

... crevice corrosion on stainless steels, crevice corrosion of copper alloys depends on a copper ion concentration cell. As the metal corrodes, copper ions are released into solution, and in the bulk environment, they are either swept away or they precipitate as a copper compound such as copper oxide...

... initiated. FIGURE 11.2 Typical appearance of a fatigue fracture, including beach marks. (See color section.) Scott commented that surprisingly little has been published on corrosion fatigue of copper alloys. ¹ The following sections group the available data by alloy type. Brasses Jaske et al...

..., the most common items are pipes (for water, sewage, gas, etc.), cables (electricity and telecom), tanks, pilings, and foundations. These are often required to last for periods of 50 to 100 years. Copper and copper alloy artifacts that are thousands of years old have been recovered from archaeological sites...

.... There are several environments that can cause SCC of copper and its alloys, of which the best known is ammonia (NH₃). This and others of commercial significance are reviewed in this chapter. The stress to cause cracking can be an externally applied load due to service conditions or an internal stress due...

... , “ A Review: Pitting Corrosion of Copper and its Alloys ,” BNF Miscellaneous Publication, MP574   August   1972 . ( This is an expanded version of a paper presented at the U R Evans International Conference on Localized Corrosion, Williamsburg, VA, USA, December 1971 .) 5 M.   Edwards , J.F...